LESSON 3

Making Things for 3D Printing

In this unit we explore the best practices for designing and printing a 3D model.

3D Modeling Software

In order to 3D print an object, you will first need a digital file of an object. Digital 3D files are created using computer-aided design programs, or CAD software. There is a plethora of free and paid software options available for 3D modeling, ranging from total beginner to rocket scientist. Here is a list of some of our favorites, ranked from beginner to expert.

The interface and tools of each CAD modeling software are unique and have their own learning curves. We recommend trying out several different software options to get a sense of what works for you. Even the most basic of modeling programs can create complex objects with a little bit of creativity and effort. There are great tutorials on how to use all these different programs on the internet, so do a search if you’re interested in learning more.

Modeling for 3D Printing

So, you’ve selected a 3D modeling software, worked through some tutorials, and now you’re ready to create a model to 3D print. While your Buildini™ 3D printer can print an endless variety of shapes, there are some objects that it will not be able to print based on the physics involved.

The position of an object on the build platform can have a dramatic impact on the end result of the print. Orientation impacts print time, success, accuracy, and strength. Orient your model so a flat surface is facing down on the build platform. Proper adhesion to the build plate is critical to a successful print.

As the Buildini™ prints, every new printed layer is ideally supported by the previous layer of material. However, if the object has a cantilever or a large arch with no material underneath, gravity will interfere and cause print issues. Design elements where a portion of the object is suspended unsupported are called overhangs, bridges, or negative space.

When designing an object with overhangs, bridges, and other unsupported features, it is important to consider the 45° Rule.

45° Rule An overhanging feature of a 3D model printed at 45° or less will print self-supported.

In the example below, we see what happens when we exceed the 45° on an overhang—the wall will droop and have print errors because the layers no longer self-support.

The 45° rule may seem like a limitation of the 3D printing process. However, when viewed as a creative constraint rather than a limitation, this unique ability to print unsupported 45° overhangs allows 3D printers to produce working objects that could not be manufactured through other methods.

It is important to understand that a 3D printer can print an object with a bridge or overhang exceeding 45°, but it will require support material. This increases time, material, and often diminishes surface quality. With that in mind, it’s best to design your object to print without support material if possible. We’ll cover support material in depth in the next module as we prepare our model for 3D printing.